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rabbit anti ace2  (Proteintech)


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    Structured Review

    Proteintech rabbit anti ace2
    Rabbit Anti Ace2, supplied by Proteintech, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 114 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/21115+1+ap/ACE2+Polyclonal+antibody/pmc12954318-237-15-17
    Average 94 stars, based on 114 article reviews
    rabbit anti ace2 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    94/100 stars

    Images

    Related Articles

    Staining:

    Article Title: Topical TMPRSS2 inhibition prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection in differentiated primary human airway cells
    Article Snippet: .. 21115-1-AP, Proteintech was subsequently used - as ab228349 was no longer available; SARS-CoV / SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) spike antibody [1A9] (GTX632604, Genetex); anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein antibody (MRC-PPU, DA114); Hoechst dye solution (100 μg/ml) was used for nuclei staining. .. Confocal images were taken using Nikon Confocal Microscopes C2, magnification x40 oil, or entire transwell inserts were imaged using an Arrayscan XTI (Thermo-Fisher) at 10x magnification.

    Blocking Assay:

    Article Title: Rehmannioside A alleviates renal inflammation and fibrosis in hypertensive nephropathy via AT1R/MAPK14/IL-17 signaling pathway
    Article Snippet: Background: This study aimed to observe the influences and potential mechanism of rehmannioside A (ReA) in hypertensive nephropathy (HN).. Methods: HN model in mice and rat tubular epithelial cells were constructed by angiotensin II (Ang II).. The biomarkers of renal function, including uric acid (UA), creatinine (Cre), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and urine albumin, were assessed.

    Membrane:

    Article Title: Rehmannioside A alleviates renal inflammation and fibrosis in hypertensive nephropathy via AT1R/MAPK14/IL-17 signaling pathway
    Article Snippet: Background: This study aimed to observe the influences and potential mechanism of rehmannioside A (ReA) in hypertensive nephropathy (HN).. Methods: HN model in mice and rat tubular epithelial cells were constructed by angiotensin II (Ang II).. The biomarkers of renal function, including uric acid (UA), creatinine (Cre), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and urine albumin, were assessed.

    Incubation:

    Article Title: Rehmannioside A alleviates renal inflammation and fibrosis in hypertensive nephropathy via AT1R/MAPK14/IL-17 signaling pathway
    Article Snippet: Background: This study aimed to observe the influences and potential mechanism of rehmannioside A (ReA) in hypertensive nephropathy (HN).. Methods: HN model in mice and rat tubular epithelial cells were constructed by angiotensin II (Ang II).. The biomarkers of renal function, including uric acid (UA), creatinine (Cre), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and urine albumin, were assessed.

    Article Title: Cigarette smoke preferentially induces full length ACE2 exposure in primary human airway cells but does not alter susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection
    Article Snippet: .. Primary antibodies; anti-ACE2 antibody was initially Abcam 228349 but was discontinued part-way through this study and was then replaced with 21115-1-AP (Proteintech); Acetylated tubulin (T7451; Sigma); Muc5AC (MA5-12178; Invitrogen), SARS-CoV / SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) spike antibody [1A9] (GTX632604; Genetex), SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Nucleocapsid antibody DA114 (MRC PPU) were added and incubated at 4 degrees overnight. ..

    Ubiquitin Proteomics:

    Article Title: Rehmannioside A alleviates renal inflammation and fibrosis in hypertensive nephropathy via AT1R/MAPK14/IL-17 signaling pathway
    Article Snippet: Background: This study aimed to observe the influences and potential mechanism of rehmannioside A (ReA) in hypertensive nephropathy (HN).. Methods: HN model in mice and rat tubular epithelial cells were constructed by angiotensin II (Ang II).. The biomarkers of renal function, including uric acid (UA), creatinine (Cre), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and urine albumin, were assessed.

    Western Blot:

    Article Title: ACE2 protein expression within isogenic cell lines is heterogeneous and associated with distinct transcriptomes.
    Article Snippet: For all main text figures, membranes were probed with primary antibodies against ACE2 (GeneTex, Irving CA, #GTX01160, 1:1000), GAPDH (Abcam, Cambridge UK, #181602, 1:5000), and β-actin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas TX, #sc-47778, 1:5000). .. Additional ACE2 antibodies assessed by immunoblotting in this study (Figure S1) are: R&D Systems (Minneapolis MN, #AF933, 1:200), Santa Cruz (sc73668, 1:500), Santa Cruz (sc-390851, 1:500), Abcam (#272690, 1:500), Abcam (#108252, 1:1000), R&D Systems (#MAB933, 1:250), R&D Systems (#MAB9332, 1:250), Sigma (#SAB3500978, 1:1000), Atlas Antibodies (Stockhold Sweden, #HPA000288, 1:500), ProteinTech (Rosemont IL, #21115–1-AP, 1:1000). ..

    other:

    Article Title: Timing matters in the use of renin-angiotensin system modulators and COVID-related cognitive and cerebrovascular dysfunction
    Article Snippet: ACE-2 , Proteintech (Rosemont, IL, USA) , 21115-1-AP.

    Article Title: ACE2 protein expression within isogenic cell lines is heterogeneous and associated with distinct transcriptomes
    Article Snippet: 4 , ProteinTech , 21115-1-AP , 392–744 , Rabbit , −−− , nd.



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    a IF detection of SARS-CoV-2 proteins. b IF staining of human proteins involved in SARS-CoV-2 entry mechanism. Scale bar, 50 μm. n = 2, 2 and 1 specimens for thyroid, thymus and testis, respectively. <t>ACE2</t> angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, TMPRSS2 transmembrane serine protease 2.
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    Glycan profiles of the SARS-CoV-2 S1 and the <t>ACE2</t> receptor. (A) Schematic diagram illustrating the process of preparing antibody-overlay lectin microarrays. (B, C) Scanned images were obtained for the analysis of glycopatterns from the SARS-CoV-2-S1 (B) and ACE2 (C). HEK293-expressing recombinant proteins of S1 and ACE2 were incubated with lectin microarrays. Subsequently, the microarrays were incubated with biotin-labeled primary antibodies and Cy3-labeled streptavidin. The representative lectins that recognized β1-4 galactosylated glycans (ECA and MAL-I), agalactosylated glycans (GSL-II and STL), bisected and bi-antennary N-glycans (PHA-E), oligo-mannose type N-glycans (ConA and HHL), fucosylation (PSA and LCA) and α-2,3 linked sialic acid (MAL-II) were marked with white frames. (D, E) Analysis of glycopatterns on S1 (D) and ACE2 (E). The lectins were classified according to their glycan binding preferences. The NFIs of each lectin were obtained from three biological replicates. The proportion of main types of glycans was calculated by diverging the sum of the NFIs of the lectins that recognized this type of glycan by the total NFIs of all lectins. Blue square: GlcNAc; yellow circle: galactose; yellow square: GalNAc; green circle: mannose; red triangle: fucose; purple diamond: sialic acid. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)
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    Glycan profiles of the SARS-CoV-2 S1 and the <t>ACE2</t> receptor. (A) Schematic diagram illustrating the process of preparing antibody-overlay lectin microarrays. (B, C) Scanned images were obtained for the analysis of glycopatterns from the SARS-CoV-2-S1 (B) and ACE2 (C). HEK293-expressing recombinant proteins of S1 and ACE2 were incubated with lectin microarrays. Subsequently, the microarrays were incubated with biotin-labeled primary antibodies and Cy3-labeled streptavidin. The representative lectins that recognized β1-4 galactosylated glycans (ECA and MAL-I), agalactosylated glycans (GSL-II and STL), bisected and bi-antennary N-glycans (PHA-E), oligo-mannose type N-glycans (ConA and HHL), fucosylation (PSA and LCA) and α-2,3 linked sialic acid (MAL-II) were marked with white frames. (D, E) Analysis of glycopatterns on S1 (D) and ACE2 (E). The lectins were classified according to their glycan binding preferences. The NFIs of each lectin were obtained from three biological replicates. The proportion of main types of glycans was calculated by diverging the sum of the NFIs of the lectins that recognized this type of glycan by the total NFIs of all lectins. Blue square: GlcNAc; yellow circle: galactose; yellow square: GalNAc; green circle: mannose; red triangle: fucose; purple diamond: sialic acid. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)
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    Image Search Results


    a IF detection of SARS-CoV-2 proteins. b IF staining of human proteins involved in SARS-CoV-2 entry mechanism. Scale bar, 50 μm. n = 2, 2 and 1 specimens for thyroid, thymus and testis, respectively. ACE2 angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, TMPRSS2 transmembrane serine protease 2.

    Journal: Nature Communications

    Article Title: Presence of SARS-CoV-2 in fetal organs via intraamniotic infection

    doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-65131-1

    Figure Lengend Snippet: a IF detection of SARS-CoV-2 proteins. b IF staining of human proteins involved in SARS-CoV-2 entry mechanism. Scale bar, 50 μm. n = 2, 2 and 1 specimens for thyroid, thymus and testis, respectively. ACE2 angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, TMPRSS2 transmembrane serine protease 2.

    Article Snippet: The following dilutions of primary antibody were used: SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody (Cell Signaling Technology, 26369S, USA), 1:1000; SARS-CoV2 orf3a antibody (Novus Biologicals, NBP3-15985, USA), 1:1000; SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S2 antibody (Novus Biologicals, NB100-56578SS), 1:1000; ACE2 antibody (Proteintech, 21115-1-AP), 1:1000; TMPRSS2 antibody (Proteintech, 14437-1-AP), 1:1000; HMGB1 antibody (Proteintech, 10829-1-AP), 1:1000; CD11B antibody (Novus Biologicals, NB110-89474SS), 1:1000; CD86 antibody (Affinity Bioscience, DF6332, China), 1:1000; Fibronectin (FN) antibody (Proteintech, 66042-1-Ig), 1:1000 for IF staining.

    Techniques: Staining

    Glycan profiles of the SARS-CoV-2 S1 and the ACE2 receptor. (A) Schematic diagram illustrating the process of preparing antibody-overlay lectin microarrays. (B, C) Scanned images were obtained for the analysis of glycopatterns from the SARS-CoV-2-S1 (B) and ACE2 (C). HEK293-expressing recombinant proteins of S1 and ACE2 were incubated with lectin microarrays. Subsequently, the microarrays were incubated with biotin-labeled primary antibodies and Cy3-labeled streptavidin. The representative lectins that recognized β1-4 galactosylated glycans (ECA and MAL-I), agalactosylated glycans (GSL-II and STL), bisected and bi-antennary N-glycans (PHA-E), oligo-mannose type N-glycans (ConA and HHL), fucosylation (PSA and LCA) and α-2,3 linked sialic acid (MAL-II) were marked with white frames. (D, E) Analysis of glycopatterns on S1 (D) and ACE2 (E). The lectins were classified according to their glycan binding preferences. The NFIs of each lectin were obtained from three biological replicates. The proportion of main types of glycans was calculated by diverging the sum of the NFIs of the lectins that recognized this type of glycan by the total NFIs of all lectins. Blue square: GlcNAc; yellow circle: galactose; yellow square: GalNAc; green circle: mannose; red triangle: fucose; purple diamond: sialic acid. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

    Journal: Journal of Advanced Research

    Article Title: Key β1-4 galactosylated glycan receptors of SARS-CoV-2 and its inhibitor from the galactosylated glycoproteins of bovine milk

    doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.12.010

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Glycan profiles of the SARS-CoV-2 S1 and the ACE2 receptor. (A) Schematic diagram illustrating the process of preparing antibody-overlay lectin microarrays. (B, C) Scanned images were obtained for the analysis of glycopatterns from the SARS-CoV-2-S1 (B) and ACE2 (C). HEK293-expressing recombinant proteins of S1 and ACE2 were incubated with lectin microarrays. Subsequently, the microarrays were incubated with biotin-labeled primary antibodies and Cy3-labeled streptavidin. The representative lectins that recognized β1-4 galactosylated glycans (ECA and MAL-I), agalactosylated glycans (GSL-II and STL), bisected and bi-antennary N-glycans (PHA-E), oligo-mannose type N-glycans (ConA and HHL), fucosylation (PSA and LCA) and α-2,3 linked sialic acid (MAL-II) were marked with white frames. (D, E) Analysis of glycopatterns on S1 (D) and ACE2 (E). The lectins were classified according to their glycan binding preferences. The NFIs of each lectin were obtained from three biological replicates. The proportion of main types of glycans was calculated by diverging the sum of the NFIs of the lectins that recognized this type of glycan by the total NFIs of all lectins. Blue square: GlcNAc; yellow circle: galactose; yellow square: GalNAc; green circle: mannose; red triangle: fucose; purple diamond: sialic acid. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

    Article Snippet: The primary antibodies used were as follows: a mouse monoclonal antibody against ACE2 (Proteintech, China), a rabbit polyclonal antibody against the SARS-CoV-2 S protein (ABclonal, China), and a mouse monoclonal antibody against GAPDH (Abways, China).

    Techniques: Glycoproteomics, Expressing, Recombinant, Incubation, Labeling, Binding Assay

    Role of N-glycans in the interaction between S1 and ACE2. (A) Schematic diagram illustrating the process of manufacturing the SRAS-CoV-2-related recombinant protein microarrays. (B, C) The N-glycans on S1 of SARS-CoV-2/1 and ACE2 were removed by PNGase F glycosidase. The roles of N-glycans in the interaction between the SARS-CoV-2-S1 /ACE2 (B) and the SARS-CoV-1-S1/ACE2 (C) were evaluated using protein microarrays. Statistical analysis of the relative fluorescence intensities was conducted by comparing the PNGase F-treated S1 and ACE2 to the intact glycosylated protein using one-way ANOVA with Dunnett multiple comparisons. The data were obtained from three biological replicates and presented as the mean ± SD (error bars), and the p values were indicated. (D) MD simulation of the interaction between the trimeric S protein and ACE2. The distances between the N-glycosites and the center of the binding interface (represented by the green globule) within 50 Å were marked with red spheres. Other N-glycosites were marked with yellow spheres. (E) The interactions of glycans at specific sites and GRDs (marked with a red frame) may be involved in the binding of the S protein to ACE2. (F) MD simulated the interactions of glycans at specific sites and GRDs. The distances between the terminal glycans on these sites and the three GRDs on the ACE and S1 subunit were monitored during a 100 ns MD simulation. The distances of N546-GRD1, N322-GRD2, and N53-GRD2 fluctuated between 1 and 15 Å, while the distances of N343-GRD3 and N165-GRD3 fluctuated between 20 and 35 Å. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

    Journal: Journal of Advanced Research

    Article Title: Key β1-4 galactosylated glycan receptors of SARS-CoV-2 and its inhibitor from the galactosylated glycoproteins of bovine milk

    doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.12.010

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Role of N-glycans in the interaction between S1 and ACE2. (A) Schematic diagram illustrating the process of manufacturing the SRAS-CoV-2-related recombinant protein microarrays. (B, C) The N-glycans on S1 of SARS-CoV-2/1 and ACE2 were removed by PNGase F glycosidase. The roles of N-glycans in the interaction between the SARS-CoV-2-S1 /ACE2 (B) and the SARS-CoV-1-S1/ACE2 (C) were evaluated using protein microarrays. Statistical analysis of the relative fluorescence intensities was conducted by comparing the PNGase F-treated S1 and ACE2 to the intact glycosylated protein using one-way ANOVA with Dunnett multiple comparisons. The data were obtained from three biological replicates and presented as the mean ± SD (error bars), and the p values were indicated. (D) MD simulation of the interaction between the trimeric S protein and ACE2. The distances between the N-glycosites and the center of the binding interface (represented by the green globule) within 50 Å were marked with red spheres. Other N-glycosites were marked with yellow spheres. (E) The interactions of glycans at specific sites and GRDs (marked with a red frame) may be involved in the binding of the S protein to ACE2. (F) MD simulated the interactions of glycans at specific sites and GRDs. The distances between the terminal glycans on these sites and the three GRDs on the ACE and S1 subunit were monitored during a 100 ns MD simulation. The distances of N546-GRD1, N322-GRD2, and N53-GRD2 fluctuated between 1 and 15 Å, while the distances of N343-GRD3 and N165-GRD3 fluctuated between 20 and 35 Å. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

    Article Snippet: The primary antibodies used were as follows: a mouse monoclonal antibody against ACE2 (Proteintech, China), a rabbit polyclonal antibody against the SARS-CoV-2 S protein (ABclonal, China), and a mouse monoclonal antibody against GAPDH (Abways, China).

    Techniques: Recombinant, Fluorescence, Binding Assay

    β1-4 galactosylated N-glycans of ACE2 mediated the binding of S1 of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. (A) Molecular docking analysis of S1 and ACE2 with various saccharides. The potential binding capacities of S1 of SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan-Hu-1 strain, wild type) and its variants (Delta and Omicron), as well as ACE2, to various saccharides were predicted by molecular docking analysis. The saccharides were listed in columns, S1 and ACE2 were listed in rows. The different binding abilities were represented by the values of binding free energy, which were indicated by the color of each square: red: high affinity, blue: low affinity, Xyl: xylose, Glc: glucose; Man: mannose; GlcNAc: N-acetylglucosamine, GalNAc: N-acetylgalactosamine; SA: sialic acid. (B) Validation of β1-4 galactosylation level in intact and de-β1-4galactosylated ACE2. After β1-4 galactosidase treatment, the level of β1-4 galactosylation on ACE2 was detected by lectin blotting of MAL-I. The protein level of ACE2 served as the control. (C) Scanning images of protein microarrays incubated with 1 μg of intact or de-β1-4galactosylated ACE2. (D) Effect of β1-4 galactosylation of ACE2 on the binding of S1 to ACE2. The relative fluorescence intensities were statistically analyzed by comparing the de-β1-4galactosylated ACE2 to intact ACE2 using an unpaired t test with Welch's correction. The data were obtained from three biological replicates and presented as the mean ± SD (error bars), and the p values were indicated. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

    Journal: Journal of Advanced Research

    Article Title: Key β1-4 galactosylated glycan receptors of SARS-CoV-2 and its inhibitor from the galactosylated glycoproteins of bovine milk

    doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.12.010

    Figure Lengend Snippet: β1-4 galactosylated N-glycans of ACE2 mediated the binding of S1 of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. (A) Molecular docking analysis of S1 and ACE2 with various saccharides. The potential binding capacities of S1 of SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan-Hu-1 strain, wild type) and its variants (Delta and Omicron), as well as ACE2, to various saccharides were predicted by molecular docking analysis. The saccharides were listed in columns, S1 and ACE2 were listed in rows. The different binding abilities were represented by the values of binding free energy, which were indicated by the color of each square: red: high affinity, blue: low affinity, Xyl: xylose, Glc: glucose; Man: mannose; GlcNAc: N-acetylglucosamine, GalNAc: N-acetylgalactosamine; SA: sialic acid. (B) Validation of β1-4 galactosylation level in intact and de-β1-4galactosylated ACE2. After β1-4 galactosidase treatment, the level of β1-4 galactosylation on ACE2 was detected by lectin blotting of MAL-I. The protein level of ACE2 served as the control. (C) Scanning images of protein microarrays incubated with 1 μg of intact or de-β1-4galactosylated ACE2. (D) Effect of β1-4 galactosylation of ACE2 on the binding of S1 to ACE2. The relative fluorescence intensities were statistically analyzed by comparing the de-β1-4galactosylated ACE2 to intact ACE2 using an unpaired t test with Welch's correction. The data were obtained from three biological replicates and presented as the mean ± SD (error bars), and the p values were indicated. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

    Article Snippet: The primary antibodies used were as follows: a mouse monoclonal antibody against ACE2 (Proteintech, China), a rabbit polyclonal antibody against the SARS-CoV-2 S protein (ABclonal, China), and a mouse monoclonal antibody against GAPDH (Abways, China).

    Techniques: Binding Assay, Biomarker Discovery, Control, Incubation, Fluorescence

    Evaluation of the ability of free saccharides to block S1 and ACE2 binding. (A, B) Scanning images of protein microarrays. ACE2 was mixed with GalNAc (A) or Galβ1-3GalNAc (B), and the inhibitory effect of saccharides was evaluated using protein microarrays. (C, D) Effect of GalNAc (C) and Galβ-1,3GalNAc (D) on the interaction between S1 of SARS-CoV-2/1 and ACE2. The binding signals were extracted, and the relative fluorescence intensities were compared with those of the controls using one-way ANOVA with Dunnett multiple comparisons. The data were obtained from three biological replicates and presented as the mean ± SD (error bars), and the p values were indicated.

    Journal: Journal of Advanced Research

    Article Title: Key β1-4 galactosylated glycan receptors of SARS-CoV-2 and its inhibitor from the galactosylated glycoproteins of bovine milk

    doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.12.010

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Evaluation of the ability of free saccharides to block S1 and ACE2 binding. (A, B) Scanning images of protein microarrays. ACE2 was mixed with GalNAc (A) or Galβ1-3GalNAc (B), and the inhibitory effect of saccharides was evaluated using protein microarrays. (C, D) Effect of GalNAc (C) and Galβ-1,3GalNAc (D) on the interaction between S1 of SARS-CoV-2/1 and ACE2. The binding signals were extracted, and the relative fluorescence intensities were compared with those of the controls using one-way ANOVA with Dunnett multiple comparisons. The data were obtained from three biological replicates and presented as the mean ± SD (error bars), and the p values were indicated.

    Article Snippet: The primary antibodies used were as follows: a mouse monoclonal antibody against ACE2 (Proteintech, China), a rabbit polyclonal antibody against the SARS-CoV-2 S protein (ABclonal, China), and a mouse monoclonal antibody against GAPDH (Abways, China).

    Techniques: Blocking Assay, Binding Assay, Fluorescence

    Evaluation of isolated glycoproteins for the inhibition of S1 and ACE2 binding. (A) The scanned image was obtained from the lectin microarray analysis of glycoproteins isolated from bovine milk. The representative lectins that recognized β1-4 galactosylated glycans (ECA and MAL-I), agalactosylated glycans (GSL-II), bisected N-glycans (PHA-E), high-mannose glycans (ConA), fucosylation (AAL, PSA, and LCA), α2-3 linked sialic acid (MAL-II), and α2-6 linked sialic acid (SNA) were marked with white frames. (B) Analysis of glycopatterns on isolated glycoproteins. The lectins were classified according to their glycan binding preferences. The NFIs of each lectin were obtained from three biological replicates. The proportion of galactosylated glycans was calculated by diverging the sum of the NFIs of the lectins that recognized Gal/GalNAc by the total NFIs. (C, D) Evaluation of the effect of intact and de-sialylated isolated glycoproteins on the interaction between S1 of SARS-CoV-2/1 and ACE2. The intact isolated glycoproteins (C) or de-sialylated isolated glycoproteins (D) were mixed with ACE2 and incubated with protein microarrays. The relative binding intensities of each group were compared with those of the control group, and any significant differences between groups were determined using one-way ANOVA with Dunnett multiple comparisons. The data were obtained from three biological replicates and presented as the mean ± SD (error bars), and the p values were indicated. (E) Inhibition curves for intact isolated glycoproteins (upper) and de-sialylated isolated glycoproteins (lower). Four-parameter inhibition curves were generated, and the particular IC50 values for intact isolated glycoproteins and de-sialylated isolated glycoproteins were indicated in this graph. The data were obtained from three biological replicates and presented as the mean ± SD (error bars).

    Journal: Journal of Advanced Research

    Article Title: Key β1-4 galactosylated glycan receptors of SARS-CoV-2 and its inhibitor from the galactosylated glycoproteins of bovine milk

    doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.12.010

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Evaluation of isolated glycoproteins for the inhibition of S1 and ACE2 binding. (A) The scanned image was obtained from the lectin microarray analysis of glycoproteins isolated from bovine milk. The representative lectins that recognized β1-4 galactosylated glycans (ECA and MAL-I), agalactosylated glycans (GSL-II), bisected N-glycans (PHA-E), high-mannose glycans (ConA), fucosylation (AAL, PSA, and LCA), α2-3 linked sialic acid (MAL-II), and α2-6 linked sialic acid (SNA) were marked with white frames. (B) Analysis of glycopatterns on isolated glycoproteins. The lectins were classified according to their glycan binding preferences. The NFIs of each lectin were obtained from three biological replicates. The proportion of galactosylated glycans was calculated by diverging the sum of the NFIs of the lectins that recognized Gal/GalNAc by the total NFIs. (C, D) Evaluation of the effect of intact and de-sialylated isolated glycoproteins on the interaction between S1 of SARS-CoV-2/1 and ACE2. The intact isolated glycoproteins (C) or de-sialylated isolated glycoproteins (D) were mixed with ACE2 and incubated with protein microarrays. The relative binding intensities of each group were compared with those of the control group, and any significant differences between groups were determined using one-way ANOVA with Dunnett multiple comparisons. The data were obtained from three biological replicates and presented as the mean ± SD (error bars), and the p values were indicated. (E) Inhibition curves for intact isolated glycoproteins (upper) and de-sialylated isolated glycoproteins (lower). Four-parameter inhibition curves were generated, and the particular IC50 values for intact isolated glycoproteins and de-sialylated isolated glycoproteins were indicated in this graph. The data were obtained from three biological replicates and presented as the mean ± SD (error bars).

    Article Snippet: The primary antibodies used were as follows: a mouse monoclonal antibody against ACE2 (Proteintech, China), a rabbit polyclonal antibody against the SARS-CoV-2 S protein (ABclonal, China), and a mouse monoclonal antibody against GAPDH (Abways, China).

    Techniques: Isolation, Inhibition, Binding Assay, Microarray, Glycoproteomics, Incubation, Control, Generated